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halberd, halbert, n.
(ˈhælbəd, -ət)
Forms: 5 haubert, 6 hauberd(e, hal-, hawbart, holber, halbearde, 6–7 holberd(e, 7 hol-, hould-b(e)ard, holbert, harbert, hallbard, halbar, 6– halbard, -berd, 7– -bert.
[a. OF. hale-, hallebard (15th c.), alabarde (14th c.) (= Pr., Sp., It. alabarda), ad. MHG. helmbarde, mod.G. and Du. hellebarde, of which the second element is OHG. barta (Ger. barte), OLG. barda (MDu. baerde) broad-axe, deriv. of OTeut. *bardo-z beard. For the first element, two derivations have been suggested; (1) the very rare MHG. helm, halm handle, as if ‘handled broad-axe’, (2) helm helmet, with the sense ‘axe for smashing helmets’. The latter is, on phonetic and other grounds approved by Kluge, and by Darmesteter. Formerly pronounced (hɔːl-).]
1.1 A military weapon, especially in use during the 15th and 16th centuries; a kind of combination of spear and battle-axe, consisting of a sharp-edged blade ending in a point, and a spear-head, mounted on a handle five to seven feet long.
4.4 attrib. and Comb., as halberd-bearer, halberd-length, halberd-staff; halberd-headed a., halberd-shaped a. Bot. (of leaves), shaped like the axe of a halberd; halberd-shoe (see sense 3); halberd-weed, the West Indian shrub Neurolæna lobata.
1775 Fletcher Script. Scales ii. §17 Wks. 1795 V. 267 To rank him with an *halbert-bearer.
1866 Treas. Bot., *Halbert-headed, abruptly enlarged at the base into two diverging lobes, like the head of a halbert.
1571 Digges Pantom. i. xix. F j b, The distance betwene GE 30 *halberde lenghtes.
1796 Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 587 Leaves egg-shaped‥I have not seen any *halberd-shaped. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. §4. 96 Leaves are Hastate or Halberd-shaped, when the lobes, at the base, point outwards.
1727–51 Chambers Cycl. s.v., *Halbert-shoes‥constrain a lame horse to tread, or rest, on his heel.
1756 P. Browne Jamaica 315 The *Halbert-weed‥generally rises to the height of four or five feet.
Hence ˈhalberded a., armed with a halberd.
a 1800 Loyal Songs (Mason), The halberted train. 1841 Borrow Zincali I. i. §1. 41 The halberded bands of the city.
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